[ad_1]

Patagonia may lose its only native bumblebee species due to invasions by alien bee species sanctioned by government policy.

In a paper published today in Journal of Applied Ecology, Marcelo Aizen from the Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina, and colleagues from four countries draw attention to the severe conservation, economic and political consequences of intentional species introductions supported by government policies.

They illustrate these consequences based on the recent spread of invasive European bumblebees, especially the buff-tailed bumblebee Bombus terrestris from Chile to southern Argentina.

Chile formally allows continuous importation of alien bumblebees to pollinate agricultural crops. Since 1997, this policy has authorized importation of more than a million bumblebee colonies. During 2015 alone, more than 200,000 colonies and queens were imported.

Unfortunately, bumblebees are mobile and do not respect international boundaries, even those established along major geographic barriers. As a consequence, the alien species have spread widely in Chile and Argentina, and one species is on the verge of entering Bolivia and Perú. The invasion of Argentina across the Andes and its unintended consequences have occurred despite Argentina having banned importation of non-native bumblebees.

The most serious biological impact of this invasion is the decline of the Patagonian giant bumblebee Bombus dahlbomii, the only native bumble bee in southern South America and one of the world’s largest bumblebees.

Dr Marcelo Aizen says “the alien invaders, Bombus ruderatus and especially Bombus terrestris, are potent competitors and carry foreign bee diseases.

“As they spread, Bombus dahlbomii disappeared from much of Chile and Argentina. The demise of Bombus dahlbomii is so severe that it is now recognized in Chile and internationally as an endangered species.”

Aizen and colleagues also document detrimental effects on native and crop plants by the invasive Bombus terrestris in NW Patagonia. To access nectar, this bee damages flowers of many plant species (nectar robbing), reducing nectar for other flower visitors, but often not pollinating flowers effectively. Nectar robbing and other flower damage caused by Bombus terrestris in commercial raspberry fields reduces fruit quality and might compromise honey production by honey bees.

Invasion by Bombus terrestris also promotes the spread of alien plants, which compete with native species. For example, in Argentina pollination by Bombus terrestris increases seed production and establishment of scotch broom, a pernicious plant invader. The environmental costs of this invasion should alert governments about the convenience of importing alien bumblebees or any other pollinator.

A retrospective lesson of the Bombus terrestris case is that coordinated risk assessment and cautious implementation are essential components of regional policy development to avoid transnational invasions.

Aizen says that “a coordinated approach is urgently needed to reduce the potential for transnational species invasions. In particular, policies concerning the importation of potentially invasive species must be established regionally among neighboring countries with suitable habitat.”

International coordination and cooperation are also needed if transnational invasions occur, despite best intentions. Unilateral investment and effort will be futile if the countries involved adopt conflicting policies.

Story Source:

Materials provided by British Ecological Society (BES). Original written by Sabrina Weiss. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

[ad_2]

Source link

Agribusiness Information

RELATED ARTICLESMORE FROM AUTHOR

303 COMMENTS

  1. Its like you learn my thoughts! You appear to know a
    lot approximately this, such as you wrote the e book in it or something.

    I think that you simply can do with a few percent
    to pressure the message home a bit, but instead
    of that, that is wonderful blog. A great read. I’ll definitely
    be back.

  2. fantastic post, very informative. I’m wondering why the opposite experts of this
    sector do not notice this. You must continue your writing.

    I am confident, you have a great readers’ base already!

  4. Definitely believe that which you stated. Your favorite justification appeared to be
    on the internet the easiest thing to be aware of.
    I say to you, I certainly get irked while people think about worries that
    they just do not know about. You managed to hit the nail upon the
    top as well as defined out the whole thing without having side effect , people can take a signal.

    Will likely be back to get more. Thanks

  7. Hi there, I do believe your web site may be having browser compatibility issues.
    When I look at your web site in Safari, it looks fine however when opening in IE, it’s got some overlapping issues.
    I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other than that, wonderful site!

  11. Aw, this was an incredibly nice post. Taking a few
    minutes and actual effort to create a great article… but what can I say… I hesitate a whole lot and never
    seem to get anything done.

  12. Hi superb blog! Does running a blog similar to
    this require a lot of work? I’ve absolutely no understanding of computer programming however I had been hoping
    to start my own blog in the near future. Anyways, should you have any suggestions or techniques for new blog owners please share.
    I understand this is off subject but I simply had to ask.
    Appreciate it!

  13. What’s Happening i’m new to this, I stumbled upon this I’ve found
    It positively helpful and it has aided me out loads.
    I hope to contribute & assist different users
    like its aided me. Good job.

  20. I feel this is among the most vital info for me.
    And i am satisfied studying your article. However wanna statement on few
    normal issues, The site taste is great, the articles
    is really excellent : D. Just right job, cheers

  26. May I simply just say what a relief to uncover someone who genuinely understands what they are talking about online.
    You certainly realize how to bring a problem to light
    and make it important. More and more people ought to read this and
    understand this side of the story. I was surprised you’re not more
    popular given that you surely possess the gift.

  29. I was suggested this web site by my cousin. I am
    now not sure whether this submit is written through him as
    nobody else know such exact about my problem. You are incredible!
    Thanks!

  31. Having read this I believed it was really informative.
    I appreciate you spending some time and effort to put this content together.
    I once again find myself spending a significant amount of time both
    reading and leaving comments. But so what, it was still worthwhile!

  37. Excellent site you have here but I was wondering if you
    knew of any user discussion forums that cover the same topics talked about
    in this article? I’d really love to be a part of community where I can get suggestions from other knowledgeable individuals that share the same interest.
    If you have any recommendations, please let me
    know. Thank you!

  40. Hi there terrific blog! Does running a blog such as this take a large amount of
    work? I have no knowledge of programming however I
    had been hoping to start my own blog soon. Anyway, should you
    have any recommendations or tips for new blog owners please share.
    I know this is off topic nevertheless I just needed to ask.
    Thanks a lot!

  42. Howdy I am so thrilled I found your weblog, I really found
    you by error, while I was browsing on Google for something else, Anyways I am here now and would just
    like to say kudos for a remarkable post and a all round interesting blog (I also love the theme/design), I don’t have time to read through it all at the minute but
    I have book-marked it and also added your RSS feeds, so
    when I have time I will be back to read a great deal more, Please do keep up the great b.

  43. Hi there I am so thrilled I found your blog page, I really found you by mistake,
    while I was browsing on Digg for something else, Regardless I am here now
    and would just like to say kudos for a remarkable post and a all round exciting blog (I also love the theme/design), I don’t have time
    to read through it all at the moment but I have book-marked it and also added your RSS
    feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read more, Please
    do keep up the fantastic work.

  45. I think this is among the most important information for me.

    And i am glad reading your article. But should remark on few general things,
    The web site style is great, the articles is really nice :
    D. Good job, cheers

  50. Howdy! This blog post couldn’t be written much better! Going through this post reminds me
    of my previous roommate! He constantly kept preaching about this.
    I am going to send this post to him. Pretty sure he’ll have a great read.
    I appreciate you for sharing!

  52. you are in reality a excellent webmaster. The site loading velocity is amazing.
    It kind of feels that you’re doing any unique trick. Also, The contents are masterwork.
    you have performed a excellent activity in this matter!

  53. Have you ever thought about including a little bit more than just your articles?

    I mean, what you say is fundamental and all. However think of if
    you added some great graphics or videos to give your posts more,
    “pop”! Your content is excellent but with images and clips, this blog could
    certainly be one of the very best in its field. Great
    blog!

  56. Ahaa, its fastidious conversation regarding this article at this
    place at this webpage, I have read all that,
    so at this time me also commenting at this place.

  59. Normally I don’t learn post on blogs, but I would
    like to say that this write-up very pressured me to take a look at and do so!
    Your writing taste has been amazed me. Thanks, quite great article.

  61. I know this if off topic but I’m looking into starting my own weblog and was curious what all is required to get set up?
    I’m assuming having a blog like yours would cost a pretty penny?
    I’m not very internet smart so I’m not 100% certain. Any suggestions or advice would be greatly appreciated.
    Cheers

  64. I simply couldn’t go away your website prior to suggesting that I actually loved the standard information an individual supply in your visitors?
    Is going to be again often in order to investigate cross-check
    new posts

  65. I just like the valuable information you provide on your articles.
    I’ll bookmark your weblog and check once more here
    frequently. I am quite sure I will be told plenty of new stuff proper here!
    Good luck for the next!

  67. Hey I know this is off topic but I was wondering if you knew of any widgets I could add to my blog
    that automatically tweet my newest twitter updates. I’ve been looking for a plug-in like this for quite some time and was
    hoping maybe you would have some experience with something like this.

    Please let me know if you run into anything. I truly enjoy reading your blog and
    I look forward to your new updates.

  71. I think what you typed was very logical. But, think on this, suppose you composed a
    catchier title? I ain’t saying your content is not good., but
    what if you added something that grabbed folk’s attention? I mean Uncoordinated Trade Policies Aid
    Alien Bee Invasions – Agricultural Business Information is
    kinda plain. You might glance at Yahoo’s front page and watch how they create
    article headlines to get viewers to open the links.
    You might try adding a video or a related pic or two to get readers
    interested about everything’ve got to say. Just my opinion, it might bring your website a little bit more interesting.

  75. When someone writes an article he/she retains the idea of
    a user in his/her brain that how a user can understand it.
    Therefore that’s why this paragraph is outstdanding. Thanks!

  78. Wonderful goods from you, man. I’ve understand your stuff previous
    to and you are just extremely magnificent. I actually like what you’ve acquired here, certainly like what you’re saying
    and the way in which you say it. You make it enjoyable
    and you still take care of to keep it wise. I can’t wait to read much more from you.
    This is really a great website.

  84. Please let me know if you’re looking for a article writer for your weblog.
    You have some really good posts and I think I would be a good
    asset. If you ever want to take some of the load off, I’d really
    like to write some articles for your blog in exchange for a link back to mine.
    Please blast me an email if interested. Thanks!

  85. you’re actually a excellent webmaster. The web site loading
    pace is amazing. It kind of feels that you’re doing any unique trick.
    Furthermore, The contents are masterpiece. you have done a great job on this matter!

  93. I think this is among the most important information for me.
    And i’m glad reading your article. But wanna remark on some general things, The
    site style is perfect, the articles is really nice : D. Good job, cheers

  102. My programmer is trying to convince me to move to .net from PHP.
    I have always disliked the idea because of the costs. But he’s tryiong none the less.

    I’ve been using WordPress on a number of websites
    for about a year and am worried about switching to another platform.
    I have heard fantastic things about blogengine.net.
    Is there a way I can import all my wordpress content into it?
    Any kind of help would be really appreciated!

  104. Thanks for one’s marvelous posting! I genuinely enjoyed reading it, you happen to be a great author.
    I will be sure to bookmark your blog and will often come back from now on.
    I want to encourage you to ultimately continue
    your great posts, have a nice afternoon!

  105. I loved as much as you’ll receive carried out right here.
    The sketch is attractive, your authored material stylish.
    nonetheless, you command get got an impatience over that you
    wish be delivering the following. unwell unquestionably come further formerly
    again since exactly the same nearly very often inside case you shield this increase.

  107. My partner and I absolutely love your blog and find nearly
    all of your post’s to be what precisely I’m looking for.
    Do you offer guest writers to write content for you personally?

    I wouldn’t mind writing a post or elaborating on a number of the subjects you write about here.
    Again, awesome blog!

  109. Hello there! This is kind of off topic but I need some advice
    from an established blog. Is it very difficult to set up
    your own blog? I’m not very techincal but I can figure things out pretty fast.
    I’m thinking about setting up my own but I’m not sure where
    to start. Do you have any points or suggestions? Thanks

  118. With havin so much written content do you ever run into any problems of plagorism or copyright infringement?
    My site has a lot of exclusive content I’ve either written myself or outsourced but it seems a
    lot of it is popping it up all over the internet without my agreement.

    Do you know any techniques to help protect against content from being stolen? I’d definitely appreciate it.

  123. Do you mind if I quote a few of your posts as long as
    I provide credit and sources back to your weblog?
    My blog site is in the exact same area of interest as yours and my users would genuinely benefit from some of the information you present here.
    Please let me know if this okay with you. Thanks a lot!

  125. I’ve been browsing online more than 4 hours today, yet I never found any interesting
    article like yours. It’s pretty worth enough for me.
    In my view, if all website owners and bloggers made good content as you did, the web will be much more useful than ever before.

  126. Heya i am for the first time here. I came across this board and I
    find It really useful & it helped me out a lot. I hope to give something back and aid others like you helped me.

  129. Have you ever thought about including a little bit more than just
    your articles? I mean, what you say is important and all.
    But think about if you added some great pictures or video clips to give your
    posts more, “pop”! Your content is excellent but with images and clips, this site could definitely be one of the very
    best in its field. Wonderful blog!

  134. I think that what you typed made a ton of sense.

    But, what about this? suppose you added a little information? I am not saying your content is not solid., however suppose you added a title that
    grabbed a person’s attention? I mean Uncoordinated Trade Policies Aid
    Alien Bee Invasions – Agricultural Business Information is kinda boring.
    You could peek at Yahoo’s home page and note how they write news titles to grab people to open the links.
    You might try adding a video or a pic or two to grab people excited about what you’ve written. Just my opinion, it might bring your website a
    little bit more interesting.

  136. I have been exploring for a little for any high-quality articles or blog posts on this sort of space .

    Exploring in Yahoo I finally stumbled upon this web site.
    Studying this info So i’m happy to show that I’ve an incredibly excellent uncanny
    feeling I discovered exactly what I needed. I such a lot indubitably will make certain to don?t omit this site and provides it a glance regularly.

  138. Very great post. I just stumbled upon your weblog and wanted
    to mention that I’ve truly loved browsing your
    blog posts. After all I’ll be subscribing on your feed and I am
    hoping you write once more very soon!

  143. I loved as much as you’ll receive carried out right here.
    The sketch is tasteful, your authored material stylish. nonetheless,
    you command get got an shakiness over that you wish be delivering
    the following. unwell unquestionably come more formerly again since exactly the same nearly a lot often inside case you shield this increase.

  147. Great work! This is the kind of information that are supposed to be shared around the
    web. Shame on the seek engines for not positioning
    this publish upper! Come on over and seek advice from my site .
    Thank you =)

  149. Excellent post. I was checking continuously this blog
    and I am impressed! Extremely useful information particularly the last phase
    🙂 I handle such information much. I used to be seeking this
    particular information for a very lengthy time. Thank you
    and best of luck.

  151. fantastic submit, very informative. I ponder why
    the other experts of this sector don’t understand this.

    You should continue your writing. I am sure, you have a great readers’ base already!

  157. What you published was actually very logical.
    However, consider this, what if you were to write a awesome post title?
    I mean, I don’t want to tell you how to run your website, however what if you added a title to maybe
    grab people’s attention? I mean Uncoordinated Trade Policies Aid
    Alien Bee Invasions – Agricultural Business Information is kinda
    vanilla. You should glance at Yahoo’s home page and see how they write post titles to grab viewers to
    click. You might add a related video or a related picture
    or two to grab people excited about everything’ve
    written. In my opinion, it would bring your blog a little livelier.

  159. Your style is unique compared to other folks I have read stuff from.
    I appreciate you for posting when you’ve got the opportunity, Guess I
    will just bookmark this blog.

  170. Does your website have a contact page? I’m having a tough time
    locating it but, I’d like to shoot you an e-mail. I’ve got some recommendations for your blog you
    might be interested in hearing. Either way, great website and I look forward to seeing it grow over time.

  172. Do you have a spam issue on this website; I also am a blogger, and I was curious about
    your situation; we have developed some nice practices
    and we are looking to exchange techniques with others, why not shoot me an email if interested.

  175. I do consider all the ideas you have presented in your post.
    They’re very convincing and will certainly work. Still,
    the posts are too brief for novices. May you please lengthen them a little
    from subsequent time? Thank you for the post.

  176. This is really interesting, You’re a very skilled blogger. I’ve joined your rss feed and look forward to seeking more of your fantastic post.
    Also, I have shared your site in my social networks!

  178. Just wish to say your article is as astonishing. The clearness for your
    post is simply cool and i can assume you’re
    a professional on this subject. Fine along with your
    permission allow me to seize your feed to stay up to date with impending post.

    Thank you one million and please continue the gratifying work.

  182. Howdy! Quick question that’s completely off topic. Do you know how to make your site mobile friendly?
    My site looks weird when viewing from my iphone.
    I’m trying to find a template or plugin that might be
    able to correct this issue. If you have any recommendations,
    please share. With thanks!

  183. You actually make it seem so easy along with your presentation however I to find this matter to be actually one thing that I think I might never
    understand. It sort of feels too complex and very extensive
    for me. I’m taking a look ahead in your subsequent submit, I will attempt
    to get the cling of it!

  188. Hello just wanted to give you a quick heads up.
    The words in your post seem to be running off the screen in Ie.
    I’m not sure if this is a formatting issue or something to do with
    web browser compatibility but I thought I’d post to let you know.

    The design look great though! Hope you get the issue resolved soon.
    Kudos

  190. An impressive share! I have just forwarded this onto a friend
    who had been conducting a little research on this.

    And he in fact ordered me breakfast because I found it
    for him… lol. So let me reword this…. Thank YOU for the meal!!
    But yeah, thanx for spending time to talk about this issue
    here on your web site.

  194. This is very interesting, You’re a very skilled blogger.
    I have joined your rss feed and look forward to seeking more of your fantastic post.
    Also, I have shared your site in my social networks!

  201. When someone writes an article he/she retains the image of a user in his/her
    mind that how a user can know it. So that’s why this post is amazing.
    Thanks!

  204. What i don’t realize is in fact how you are no longer really
    much more neatly-appreciated than you might be right now.
    You’re very intelligent. You already know thus significantly
    in terms of this topic, made me individually imagine it from a lot of varied angles.
    Its like men and women don’t seem to be interested unless it is something to do with Woman gaga!
    Your own stuffs great. At all times deal with it
    up!

  205. Thank you, I have recently been looking for info about this topic for
    ages and yours is the greatest I’ve discovered till now.
    But, what in regards to the bottom line? Are you positive in regards to the source?

  209. Superb blog you have here but I was curious about if you knew of
    any user discussion forums that cover the same topics
    discussed here? I’d really like to be a part of group where
    I can get feed-back from other knowledgeable
    individuals that share the same interest. If you have any suggestions, please let me know.
    Kudos!

  210. When I originally commented I clicked the “Notify me when new comments are added” checkbox and now each time a comment is added I get several emails with the same
    comment. Is there any way you can remove people from that service?

    Cheers!

  211. Having read this I believed it was very informative.
    I appreciate you spending some time and effort to put this informative article together.
    I once again find myself personally spending way too much time both reading and leaving comments.

    But so what, it was still worthwhile!

  213. I think everything said made a lot of sense.
    However, what about this? what if you wrote a catchier title?
    I am not suggesting your content is not solid., however suppose you added something that grabbed people’s attention? I mean Uncoordinated Trade Policies Aid Alien Bee Invasions – Agricultural Business Information is a little vanilla.
    You might glance at Yahoo’s home page and note how they create post headlines to grab people to click.

    You might try adding a video or a related pic or two to
    get readers excited about what you’ve got to say.
    Just my opinion, it could make your blog a little livelier.

  214. Woah! I’m really digging the template/theme of this site.

    It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times it’s very
    hard to get that “perfect balance” between superb usability and appearance.

    I must say that you’ve done a amazing job with this.
    In addition, the blog loads super fast for me on Safari.
    Excellent Blog!

  216. I’ve been exploring for a little bit for any high quality articles
    or blog posts in this kind of area . Exploring in Yahoo I eventually stumbled upon this site.
    Reading this information So i’m satisfied to exhibit
    that I’ve a very good uncanny feeling I discovered exactly what I needed.
    I most unquestionably will make sure to don?t fail to remember this
    website and provides it a look on a continuing basis.

  218. Sweet blog! I found it while surfing around on Yahoo
    News. Do you have any tips on how to get listed in Yahoo News?
    I’ve been trying for a while but I never seem to get there!
    Cheers

  220. Unquestionably believe that that you stated. Your favorite
    justification appeared to be on the web the easiest factor
    to be aware of. I say to you, I certainly get annoyed while people think about worries that they
    just do not realize about. You managed to hit the nail upon the
    highest and also outlined out the whole thing with no need
    side effect , other folks can take a signal. Will probably be again to get more.
    Thank you

  223. I do trust all the concepts you have introduced on your post.
    They are really convincing and can certainly work. Nonetheless, the posts are too short for novices.

    May you please lengthen them a bit from next time?

    Thanks for the post.

  224. Wonderful work! That is the kind of information that are meant to be shared across the internet.
    Shame on the seek engines for not positioning this publish
    higher! Come on over and visit my website . Thanks =)

  227. I got this web site from my buddy who shared with me on the topic of this site and
    now this time I am visiting this web site and reading
    very informative posts at this place.

  230. Have you ever thought about adding a little bit more
    than just your articles? I mean, what you say is valuable and everything.
    Nevertheless just imagine if you added some great images or videos to give your posts more,
    “pop”! Your content is excellent but with images and video clips, this
    site could definitely be one of the best in its niche.
    Amazing blog!

  236. I blog frequently and I really appreciate your information.
    This article has truly peaked my interest. I’m going to bookmark your blog and keep
    checking for new details about once a week. I opted in for your RSS feed too.

  237. I don’t know whether it’s just me or if everybody else experiencing problems with your site.
    It appears as though some of the written text on your
    posts are running off the screen. Can someone else please comment and let me
    know if this is happening to them too? This might be a issue with my web browser because I’ve had this happen previously.
    Thank you

  238. I’m not sure why but this blog is loading extremely
    slow for me. Is anyone else having this problem or is it a issue on my end?
    I’ll check back later and see if the problem still exists.

  239. What i don’t realize is in reality how you are
    not really much more smartly-preferred than you may be right now.
    You are very intelligent. You realize therefore significantly in relation to this topic, made me
    in my opinion imagine it from numerous varied angles.
    Its like women and men don’t seem to be involved except it is one thing to accomplish with Woman gaga!
    Your individual stuffs outstanding. All
    the time care for it up!

  243. I like the helpful information you supply in your articles.
    I will bookmark your weblog and test once more right here frequently.
    I’m somewhat certain I will be told many new stuff right here!
    Best of luck for the following!

  244. Howdy! I could have sworn I’ve been to this website before but after browsing through
    some of the posts I realized it’s new to me. Anyways, I’m
    definitely happy I found it and I’ll be bookmarking it
    and checking back frequently!

  245. certainly like your website but you have to take a look at the spelling on quite a
    few of your posts. Many of them are rife with spelling problems and I in finding it very troublesome to tell
    the truth then again I will definitely come again again.

  247. An outstanding share! I’ve just forwarded this onto a colleague who has been doing a little research
    on this. And he in fact ordered me dinner
    simply because I stumbled upon it for him… lol. So let
    me reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanks for spending time to talk about this
    matter here on your website.

  248. You actually make it seem so easy with your presentation but I to find this topic to be actually one
    thing that I believe I might by no means understand. It seems too complex and extremely broad for me.
    I am having a look ahead on your subsequent submit, I’ll attempt to get the dangle of
    it!

  250. I do not even know how I ended up here, but I thought
    this post was great. I do not know who you are but
    definitely you are going to a famous blogger if you are not already ;
    ) Cheers!

  253. Nice blog right here! Additionally your web site lots up very fast!
    What web host are you using? Can I am getting your associate link on your host?
    I wish my site loaded up as quickly as yours lol

  254. I was wondering if you ever considered changing the layout of your blog?
    Its very well written; I love what youve got to say.
    But maybe you could a little more in the way of content so people could connect with it better.
    Youve got an awful lot of text for only having one
    or two pictures. Maybe you could space it out better?

  255. Howdy! Someone in my Facebook group shared this website with us so I
    came to give it a look. I’m definitely loving the information. I’m book-marking and will be tweeting this to my followers!
    Exceptional blog and outstanding style and design.

  259. Hi there! Do you know if they make any plugins to assist with Search
    Engine Optimization? I’m trying to get my blog to rank for some targeted keywords but I’m
    not seeing very good success. If you know of any please share.
    Thank you!

LEAVE A REPLY

Please enter your comment!
Please enter your name here